tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73847762464975754852024-03-13T16:22:07.291-07:00Sudipta MunsiThis blog attempts to highlight the personal reflections of Sudipta Munsi on problems - philosophical, aesthetical, socio-political, etc. It also contains his poems, essays, etc. written from time to time. Free, liberal and undaunted discussions of these are invited. No part of the contents of this blog may be reproduced in any way whatsoever without the written permission of the blog-owner.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.comBlogger48125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-21797586625529012762013-01-15T07:06:00.000-08:002013-01-23T22:09:30.249-08:00Notes on the notion of Morality in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<li><span style="text-indent: -36pt;">Prior
to the Critique, people generally took the appearance for the things-in-itself;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -36pt;">From
the Critique we learn that each thing has two aspects: the appearance and the
thing-in-itself;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">This
thing-in-itself is but the substratum of the appearance;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">This
thing-in-itself can never be cognised, and as such questions pertaining to its
exact nature cannot be answered;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">The
appearance is “not free” in terms of its being limited by space and time, but
in contradistinction to this, the thing-in-itself is “free” since it is beyond
the precincts of space and time, and ultimately unknowable;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">If
we identify the appearance with the thing-in-itself we would run the risk of
negating freedom. Because freedom
(thing-in-itself) and bondage or limitations (appearance) cannot coexist without any contradiction;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">Also,
if appearances were identified with the thing-in-itself, then there would have
been no room left for freedom, and hence morality (since the latter presupposes
freedom);</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">Morality, which presupposes freedom, regulates our behavior.
So without freedom there would be no room for regulation. Without morality there would no such things
as right and wrong, moral and immoral, etc. ;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">Kant
establishes freedom through morality.
The argument is as follows: there is no room for morality unless there
is freedom. This freedom has been
conceived without contradiction [this non-contradiction is derived from the
‘free’ unbound nature of the thing-in-itself in the necessary dichotomy of the appearance
and the thing-in-itself]. However this
freedom can never be known, but only thought of in a non-contradictory manner;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">The
non-contradiction with regard to freedom spoken of above comes with the aid of
logic. Logic is compared to the
police. Logic can only remove the
contradictions, but it can never help us realise the thing-in-itself. ‘Think’ is the key-term here.</span></li>
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<span lang="EN-US">I am immensely indebted to Dr. Elisa Freschi, without
whose generous assistance the writing of these notes would have been impossible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-74012173199842492722012-11-30T23:26:00.002-08:002012-11-30T23:26:25.008-08:00‘The Endarkened One’ or on the meaning of the word ‘Nirvāṇa’, by Aleix Ruiz-Falqués, with comments by the author, Sudipta Munsi and Dr. Elisa Freschi. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://kabbasetu.blogspot.in/2012/11/the-endarkened-one.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">‘The Endarkened One’ or on the meaning of the word ‘Nirvāṇa’, by Aleix Ruiz-Falqués, with comments by the author, Sudipta Munsi and Dr. Elisa Freschi. </a><br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-32134027687106823742012-11-30T23:05:00.001-08:002012-11-30T23:05:39.583-08:00On Abhihitānvayavāda and Anvitābhidhānavāda, by Dr. Elisa Freschi, with comments by the author and Sudipta Munsi<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://elisafreschi.blogspot.in/2012/10/abhihitanvayavada-anvitabhidhanavadas-ca.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">On Abhihitānvayavāda and Anvitābhidhānavāda, by Dr. Elisa Freschi, with comments by the author and Sudipta Munsi</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-45774356096576568862012-11-30T22:59:00.000-08:002012-11-30T22:59:30.160-08:00Sanskrit Translation from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, by Sudipta Munsi & Dr. Elisa Freschi, 2nd Installment<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://elisafreschi.blogspot.in/2012/11/blog-post_28.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sanskrit Translation from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, by Sudipta Munsi & Dr. Elisa Freschi, 2nd Installment</a><br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-21090296193702147512012-11-30T22:54:00.001-08:002012-11-30T22:55:51.580-08:00Sanskrit Translation from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, by Sudipta Munsi & Dr. Elisa Freschi, 1st Installment<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://elisafreschi.blogspot.in/2012/11/blog-post.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed:+SanscriteCogitareSanscriteLoqui+(sanscrite+cogitare,+sanscrite+loqui)" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sanskrit Translation from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, by Sudipta Munsi & Dr. Elisa Freschi, 1st Installment</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-90981797377424119862012-11-30T22:49:00.000-08:002012-11-30T23:28:23.731-08:00Translation of Sanskrit philosophical texts, by Dr. Elisa Freschi, with comments by the author and Sudipta Munsi<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://elisafreschi.blogspot.in/2012/11/translation-of-sanskrit-philosophical.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Translation of Sanskrit philosophical texts: What is at stake? by Dr. Elisa Freschi, with comments by the author and Sudipta Munsi</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-51321986909098216972012-10-19T23:26:00.000-07:002012-10-19T23:26:04.761-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">ऐरावत-प्रमुख-दिग्गजगण्डसान्द्र-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">सिन्दुरसुन्दररसातिमनोहरश्रि।</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">स्वर्गापगाकनककोकनदाभिरूपं</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">भूयः पदद्वयमहः प्रणमामि विष्णोः॥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BN; mso-fareast-font-family: Utsaah;"> </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BN; mso-fareast-font-family: Utsaah;"> –<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">महामहोपाध्याय-श्रीमन्मनुदेवभट्टाचार्यप्रणीत-वैष्णववैभवमहाकाव्यत
उद्धृतम्</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Utsaah; mso-bidi-language: BN;">I adore again and again those
feet of Vi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">şņ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Utsaah; mso-bidi-language: BN;">u (or
the ever-expanding One), (bearing) the radiance of the exuberant aesthetic
pleasure exuded from the cheeks of the heavenly elephants like Air</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Utsaah; mso-bidi-language: BN;">vata, etc, saturated with the
colour of vermillion; (and) pleasing like the golden lotuses, fallen from
heaven. </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: left;">(My
translation of the above verse)</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-74873647453471072252012-10-04T05:00:00.000-07:002012-10-04T05:09:01.099-07:00शिखरिणीछन्दसा मद्रचितोऽयं श्लोकः <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">नवेन्दुस्निग्धभाधृतनवनलिन्यै
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">नितरां प्रीत्या
प्रेमविगलितमत्या च लिखितः।</span><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">समर्प्यते वै ग्रन्थ एष
लसितार्णवत इतः</span><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">चिरात्प्रेमोडुपेन
विहरणमोदाय हि तस्याः॥</span><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"> (<span lang="HI">शिखरिणी</span>)</span><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-33143925326805827842012-10-04T04:54:00.000-07:002012-10-04T06:02:33.822-07:00शार्दूलविक्रीडितच्छन्दसा मद्रचिता श्रीनिगमानन्दस्तुतिः<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">लीलालब्धललामलाभलसितालीलायितालम्बनं</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">नानासाधनतोऽर्जितारुणगताशेषप्रभाधारकम् ।</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">चिरं चर्चितशिष्यमङ्गलविधानक्षमपादाब्जकं</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">वन्दे देशिकलोकवन्द्यनिगमानन्दं महायोगिनम् ॥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;"> (</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">शार्दूलविक्रीडितच्छन्दः</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI;">)</span><span lang="BN" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-34950343651066138972012-09-20T23:47:00.000-07:002012-11-30T23:34:14.699-08:00हिन्द्वादिशब्दार्थपुनर्विचारः<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">पक्ष-चन्द्र-शून्य-पादमिते खृष्टवर्षे सेप्टेम्बरमासगते द्वादशदिनाङ्के
कलिकातस्थैशियाटिकसोसाइटीत्याख्यसंस्थानेनायोजिते तत्रस्थविद्यासागरसभागृहे
स्वामिप्रणवानन्दस्मृतिवक्तृताप्रदानावसरे काशीतः समागतानां महामहोपाध्यायानां शास्त्रभूषणशास्त्रार्थमहारथाद्युपाधिविभूषितानां
पण्डितमार्तण्डश्रीमनुदेवभट्टाचार्यमहाभागानां सुरगिरा प्रदत्तं भाषणं श्रुत्वा महाहर्षो
मे अजायत । तत्र भाषणावसरे खलु आलोचिताः केचित् कौतुहलोद्दीपकविषयाः समासतोऽत्र
विदुषां लोचनालोकप्राप्तये अधः प्रदत्ताः</span><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"> –<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">प्रथमतो</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">,</span></b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"> बहुव्यवहृतौ मानवभारतीयशब्दौ न गोष्ठीनिरपेक्षं
धर्मनिरपेक्षं वा अर्थं प्रकाशयतः। अपि तु</span><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">,<span lang="HI"> एतौ गोष्ठीसापेक्षार्थप्रकाशकावेव स्तः ।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">द्वितीयतो</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">,</span></b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"> भारतीय इत्युक्ते पुरा प्रसिद्धभरतनामकनृपतिशासितप्रजस्त्तच्छासितराष्ट्रञ्चैव
संबुध्यन्ते ।</span><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">तृतीयतो</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">,</span></b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"> मानव इत्युक्ते मनोरपत्यं मनूक्तनियमाद्यनुवर्ती चैव
संलक्ष्यते । अत्र तुलनामूलकभाषाविदां मानवशब्द
इन्दौरोपीयभाषागोष्ठीगताङ्ग्लभाषागतस्य Man इति शब्दस्य पर्यायशब्द इत्येवं मतं
न तु प्रमाणप्रमितमिति तैर्विद्वत्प्रवरैर्ध्वनितम् ।</span><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">चतुर्थतो</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">, </span></b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">यतो भरतो वर्णाश्रमवादी भगवन्मनुर्वर्णाश्रमवादप्रवक्ता च</span><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">,<span lang="HI"> ततो भारतीयमानवशब्दौ न कदापि
विश्वतोमुखार्थप्रकाशकौ भवितुमर्हतः । अपि तु</span>,<span lang="HI"> आभ्यां सर्वदा
सर्वथैव सङ्कीर्णार्थः प्रकाश्यते ।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">पञ्चमतो</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">,</span></b><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"> <span lang="HI">हिन्दु इति शब्देन केवलं कश्चिद्भौगोलिकावधिः
सूच्यते । विषयेऽस्मिन् ऋग्वेदीयबार्हस्पत्यसंहितागतो </span>“<span lang="HI">हिमालयं
समारभ्य यावदिन्दुसरोवरं तं देवनिर्मितं देशं हिन्दुस्थानं प्रचक्षते</span>”<span lang="HI"> इत्येव श्लोकः प्रमाणतया
महामहोपाध्यायश्रीमनुदेवभट्टाचार्यमहाशयैरुद्धृतः । अत्र श्लोकस्थस्य
हिमालयशब्दस्य हीत्यक्षरमिन्दुशब्दगतन्द्वित्यक्षरेण सह मिलित्वैव हिन्दुशब्दं
निष्पादयतीति तैरभ्युपगमितम् । यथा शतक्रतुशब्दगताभ्यां शक्रेत्यक्षराभ्यां शक्र
इति वैदिकदेवताया इन्द्रस्य नाम सम्पाद्यते</span>,<span lang="HI"> तथैवात्र । एतेन
लाघवात् तुलनामूलकभाषातत्त्वविदामारबदेशनिवासिनां सिन्धुशब्दस्य भ्रमितोच्चारणाद्धिन्दुशब्दस्योत्पत्तिरित्येवं
मतं गौरवेण परिहारयोग्यम् ।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">अन्ततो</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">,</span></b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;"> महामहोपाध्यायपण्डितमार्तण्डश्रीमनुदेवभट्टाचार्यैः सम्प्रदाय
इति शब्दस्य नवीनमेकं व्याख्यानं प्रदत्तम् । सम्यक् प्रकर्षश्च यो दायः स
सम्प्रदाय इति व्युत्पत्त्या सम्प्रदायशब्दस्यार्थोऽविनाशी वितरणाद्वृद्धियोग्यं
श्रेष्ठधनस्वरूपं विद्याधनमेवेति । प्रसङ्गेऽस्मिन् भट्टाचार्यपादैः </span><span style="font-family: "Utsaah","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: HI;">“<span lang="HI">अपूर्वः कोऽपि कोशोऽयं विद्यते तव भारती व्ययतो
वृद्धिमायाति क्षयमायाति सञ्चयात्</span>”<span lang="HI"> इति </span>“<span lang="HI">व्यये कृते वर्धत एव नित्यं विद्याधनं सर्वधनप्रधानम्</span>”<span lang="HI"> इति च वचनद्वयमुद्धृतम् । जीमूतवाहनकृते दायभागाख्ये स्मार्तग्रन्थे यो
दायशब्दो वर्तते</span>,<span lang="HI"> तस्यार्थः पितृसम्पत्तिरिति । एषा
सम्पत्तिर्दानेन विभाजनेन वा क्षयं प्राप्नोति । किन्तु एतद्विपरीतस्थितः
सम्प्रदायो</span>,<span lang="HI"> यस्य वृद्धिर्व्ययत एव । एवं सम्प्रदायो नाम
सर्वधनप्रधानविद्याधनमस्ति यस्य स एव साम्प्रदायिको</span>,<span lang="HI"> न तु कोऽपि
सङ्कीर्णतादोषदुष्ट एकदेशदर्शीति दिक् । </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-57462536750370686722012-09-20T22:45:00.000-07:002012-09-20T22:45:25.490-07:00Reconsiderations of the term 'Hindu'<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-align: justify;">It was a pleasure to be a witness to the event of the
revered Mahāmahopādhyāya Paņditamārtaņda Manudeva Bhattacharya of Varanasi
delivering the Swami Pranavananada Memorial lectures in Sanskrit at the
invitation of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta on 12</span><sup style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-align: justify;">th</sup><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-align: justify;"> September,
2012.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-align: justify;">The Vidyasagar Hall of the Asiatic
Society imbued with the gracious presence of monks from the Bharata Sevasrama
Sangha, and many other scholars of note.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-align: justify;">
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-align: justify;">Some of the most striking points that the learned doctor made in course
of his lectures are summarised as follows:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">1 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The Sanskrit words, ‘mānava’ and ‘bhāratīya’ are held
to be expressive of sectarian meanings, instead of their much-adored secular
outlook. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">2 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Bhāratīya, Manudeva Bhattacharya holds, means people
ruled by and owing allegiance to Bharata, a king of mythological fame and
antiquity. Thus bhāratah is
bharataśāsitarāşţram. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">3 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Similarly, the word, mānava, which is generally taken
to be a very close Sanskrit parallel of the English word, ‘man’, is shown by
the learned doctor, who resorts to Sanskrit grammatical exegesis in this
regard, to mean the descendants and followers of Manu, the celebrated author of
the Manu Samhitā.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">4 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">While Bharata was a staunch adherent and upholder of
the varņāśrama or caste system, it was Manu who actually promulgated the same. Thus, in no way, can Bhāratīya and Mānava, as
shown before, mean something else than sectarian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">5 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Next comes the word ‘Hindu’. Here the learned professor quotes the
following verse from the Bārhaspatya Samhitā of the Ŗgveda:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Himālayam samārabhya yāvadindusarovaram .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Tam
devanirmitam deśam hindusthānam pracakşate ..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">(Tr. The divine land stretching from the Himalayas to
Lake Indu is called Hindusthan.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Evidently, Hindu has merely a geographical connotation
here.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">This is also what Manudev
Bhattacharya has to say.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">He also made an
interesting observation that the ‘hi’ of Himālaya and the ‘ndu’ of Indu (the
lake of that name mentioned in the above Sanskrit verse) together make the
word, ‘Hindu’.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">This is an extremely
strong antithesis directed against the comparative philologists, who opine that
it is a mispronunciation of the word ‘Sindhu’ by the Arabs that led to the
origin of the word, ‘Hindu’.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">There are
also backup materials in support of the present contention of Manudev
Bhattacharya. For example, from the word śata-kratu (lit. one who has performed
a hundred sacrifices), an epithet applied to the Vedic deity, Indra, the
initials, ‘śa’ of śata and ‘kra’ of kratu, unite to form the word ‘śakra’, an
acronym by which Indra is widely known. So Hindusthan should be understood as
follows: Hindūnām Himālayat samārabhya Indusarovaraparyantam yo deśo vartate tadadhivāsinām
sthānam hindusthānam iti.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Such an
interpretation discounts the parsimony connected with the philological view of
the origin of the word, Hindu, stated above.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">So Hindu is only the name of a place, and it has nothing to do with race
or religion.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">In the same vein
Mahāmahopādhyāya Manudeva Bhattacharya suggests that so far as secularism is
concerned, the use of the word ‘Hindu’ is preferable to that of ‘bhāratīya’ and
‘mānava’.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">6 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Last but not the least, Prof. Bhattacharya suggested
that the commonly used word for communal, ‘sāmpradāyika’, actually means ‘wise’. Etymologically the word sampradāya can be
analysed as follows: sam + pra + dāya.
In this connection, he made a reference to the famous Sanskrit law-text,
Dāyabhāga of Jīmūtavāhana, which is still used by the Indian judiciary in the
matter of succession disputes. Dāya, he says, means paternal property and
dāyada successor. In Sanskrit, upasargas
or prefixes play a very role in the determination of the meaning of a
word. For example, the word ‘gacchati’
means ‘he goes’, but when this same word ‘gacchati’ follows the prefix ‘ā’ and
becomes ‘āgacchati’, it conveys a diametrically opposite meaning in the form of
‘He comes’. So sampradāya means “samyak ca prakarşaśca yo dāyah sa
sampradāyah”, i.e. highest wealth of knowledge, eternal and divine in nature, which
develops day by day, but never wanes, and contributes to the purification of the
soul. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><b><u>Postscript</u>:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Generally speaking, d</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ya, as mentioned in the law-texts, means such paternal property as reduces on division and share. In contradistinction to this, samprad</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ya is that kind of property which multiplies on division, and it can only be knowledge, which can multiply on getting shared with others, and herein constitutes its eternality and divinity. In this respect, Mah</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">mahop</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">dhy</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ya Pa</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ņ</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ditam</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">rta</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ņ</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">da Manudeva Bhattacharya also quoted a Sanskrit adage which runs as follows: "ap</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ū</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">rvah ko’pi ko</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ś</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">o’yam vidyate tava bh</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">rat</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ī</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> / vy</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">yato v</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ŗ</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ddhim</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">y</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ti k</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ş</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ayam</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">y</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ti sañcay</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">t//" (Tr. Incredible is your wealth, O Goddess of learning, which increases on getting spent and decreases on being reserved). He adds, “vy</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ye k</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ŗ</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">te vardhata eva nityam vidy</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">dhanam sarvadhanapradh</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">nam” (Tr. If the wealth of knowledge, the best among treasures, is spent [i.e., distributed and shared] it certainly increases all the time.) Thus “D</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ya and Samprad</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ya are completely opposite in meaning.” D</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ya, being qualified by the prefixes, sam and pra, means the wealth of knowledge stated above. It is the aforesaid prefixes which bring in the semantic mutation of the root word, d</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ya. And one who has such knowledge (i.e., one who shares and divides his knowledge with others and contributes to the multiplication of it) is verily a s</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">mprad</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">ā</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">yika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-18456698759524285972012-04-17T21:40:00.000-07:002012-04-17T21:40:55.456-07:00A Note on the Use of Language in Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s Novels<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9HQ_9rbO73EVWGSdz_MrlV7qmkmTTZP0RR4YtJ9f8XUXhmn5IWG-hUNf-iFXKJrymnsH3eQ1K2mRPKfL5E6zDLpKsbmRvIlDlc515oQ2LsU2GwOC5ezHFU4QY6rKaifLD6_8BopjyloM/s1600/804BankimChandra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" qda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9HQ_9rbO73EVWGSdz_MrlV7qmkmTTZP0RR4YtJ9f8XUXhmn5IWG-hUNf-iFXKJrymnsH3eQ1K2mRPKfL5E6zDLpKsbmRvIlDlc515oQ2LsU2GwOC5ezHFU4QY6rKaifLD6_8BopjyloM/s1600/804BankimChandra.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (1838-1894)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face;">Any good novel is always full of a pace which contributes to the liveliness of both the character and the story itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bankim Chandra’s greatest tool in achieving this pace was his language.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Generally speaking, his novels are written in the standard or literary Bengali, known as the sadhubhasa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And this sadhubhasa is characterised by the unmistakable presence of the words of Sanskrit origin, lengthy compound-words in the Sanskrit fashion, lengthy syntax, etc. True, Bankim’s language shows these symptoms of a ‘standard’ Bengali indubitably, but this is not the end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He uses words of Arabic and Persian origin to a great extent (if not equally).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Often he does not even hesitate to use words, phrases and expressions which are altogether colloquial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All these have a motley effect on the reader’s mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Normally when we read a piece written in Sanskritised Bengali we hardly expect to become one with the theme or the characters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is because of the deep chasm lying between the language of reality – the language we speak and the language of fiction – the language we write.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his novels, often the beauty of nature or a nostalgic and romantic episode or description is expressed by Bankim in this grandiose sadhubhasa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when the author wants his readers to take a trip to the world of conflicts that sway the characters or the story itself both within and without his sentences become often shorter in length, more direct, closer to the colloquial pattern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, even in such sentences the verb-form is always retained in the sadhu, which lends a musical and poetic effect to these apparently banal constructions. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of Bankim’s novels have quite a simple or thin storyline or plot, but its mirth is not marred because of the extremely powerful and balanced language in which it is embedded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again in such works as Radharani, it is the movement of the language which alone contributes to the characters’ being on the move.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The conflicting, unseemly character of the Babu class in Bishabriksha (The Poison Tree) is underlined by the mixed language, and such English expressions as ‘Hurrah! Three Cheers for Heera!’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The keynote of political tension in Anandamath is brought out by the contrasting use of ‘Hare Murare’ cry of the Santans and ‘Hurrah’ of the English soldiers and the blow of their cannons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The latter is expressed by the author with the help of the onomatopoeia – ‘gudum, gudum, gudum’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bankim’s naming of the individual chapters of his novels is also noted for their linguistic originality and they are often derived from Sanskrit philosophical literature (as in Bishbriksha, Mrinalini, etc.) or everyday speech.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their often perfunctory appearance helps realise the immediacy of the theme better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So it is the dialectics of words-as-sound and such innovative linguistic ‘deviations’ in Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s novels which underlines, reinforces and sustains the dialectics of thought and ideas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And this ultimately endorses Bankim’s literary craftsmanship of the highest order. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-58670892442566110832012-02-11T19:34:00.000-08:002012-02-11T19:34:22.827-08:00Sri Visnusahasranamastotram<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/Gq2-EpO26Gk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-26665701915990781072011-11-30T05:39:00.001-08:002011-11-30T05:39:39.525-08:00Sibelius: Andante Festivo<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/7VRw9N9OlPo?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07695587062582618769noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384776246497575485.post-39396571134518173912011-11-30T05:38:00.000-08:002011-11-30T05:38:08.763-08:00Jean Sibelius, Valse Triste<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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